Microwave Link Design

Microwave Link Design

Designing microwave links with specialized software developed with artificial intelligence (AI) is the next step for the consulting and design department of Iran Microwave. In this section, our team takes the data you provide and that we have reviewed, and enters the design phase using state-of-the-art software. Let’s see what processes this step involves and why it is an integral part of completing all telecommunications and communication projects.

In telecommunications projects, precise design of microwave links determines the quality, stability, and final efficiency of the network. A professional design ensures complete coverage, minimal interference, and maximum bandwidth utilization. This design is only possible by using specialized software and advanced analytical tools.

Specialized software used in the “Iran Microwave” department

The design and consulting department of Iran Microwave, utilizing the latest international tools and intelligent software, carries out the link design process with the highest level of accuracy and speed.

۱. Pathloss

One of the most comprehensive global tools for microwave link design. Key capabilities:

  • Accurate Line of Sight (LOS) analysis
  • Fresnel Zone calculation
  • Calculation of link losses, link budget, and tower specifications
  • RF coverage modeling and wave propagation analysis

 ۲. Radio Mobile

Free and powerful software for modeling microwave links with accurate topographic data (SRTM):

  • Creating terrain profiles
  • Checking tower heights and obstacles
  •  Coverage simulation and radio link analysis

۳. AI-Based Smart Tools

Iran Microwave uses AI-developed tools for design optimization. These tools can suggest the best frequency parameters, antenna height, power, radiation angle, and alternative paths based on real data.

Features:

  • Automatic link design based on GPS input and environmental conditions
  •  Intelligent suggestions to avoid interference
  • Automatic settings based on CRA regulations
Microwave Link Design

Line of Sight (LOS) and Fresnel Zone Examination

For stable microwave wave transmission, the path between two stations (Site A and Site B) must have a direct line of sight. But direct line of sight alone is not enough! An area called the “Fresnel zone” must also be as free of obstacles as possible to ensure the signal is transmitted with minimal loss.
What is Line of Sight (LOS)?
Line of sight in microwaves is the direct path between two antennas. If there is an obstacle (mountain, tower, tree, building), the communication quality decreases or is interrupted.

What is the Fresnel Zone?

Radio waves do not travel only along a straight line; rather, they spread out in an elliptical shape in space. These ellipses are called Fresnel zones. For an optimal link, at least 60% of the first Fresnel zone must be free of obstacles.

How do we check?

With software like Pathloss , Radio Mobile:

  • The path profile is drawn.
  • The exact height of the terrain and obstacles is entered
  • The Fresnel zone is displayed, showing whether there is an obstacle or not.
طراحی لینک مایکروویو خط دید

Frequency Interference Analysis

In a microwave network, if two links use nearby or overlapping frequencies, signals may interfere, causing a severe decrease in quality and stability of the connection. This is especially critical in areas with high link density (such as industrial or urban areas), where interference analysis is vital.

How do we analyze?

 

In the design department of “Iran Microwave,” using tools such as Pathloss and intelligent spectral analysis systems, the following are examined:
Detection of active frequencies in the area
Calculation of guard band
Frequency spectrum simulation of the link
Comparison with the CRA authorized spectrum table

Determination of link capacity

At this stage, using advanced software, the required power for the link is calculated. These calculations are based on the distance between stations, antenna type, radiation angle, and other parameters. This power must be adjusted so that the signal can be received along the path without quality loss.

Frequency selection according to CRA regulations

In designing microwave links, a frequency must be chosen that complies with the regulations of the Communications Regulatory Authority (CRA). These regulations include limitations on usable frequencies, permitted power emissions, and other technical requirements. At this stage, it is essential to pay attention to CRA documentation and existing laws to ensure the design is legally compliant.

Practical example: Microwave link design from Tehran to Qazvin

For example, suppose we are designing a microwave link from Tehran to Qazvin. This link must go through all the above steps:

  1. Line-of-sight and Fresnel zone analysis: Using topographic maps and software like Radio Mobile, it is examined whether there are physical obstacles along the path between these two cities. For the Tehran to Qazvin path, examining elevations and geographical positions is important.
  2. Frequency and link power selection: Considering the 100-kilometer distance between Tehran and Qazvin, the required power for this link is analyzed. The frequency selection should also take into account existing interferences along this path.

۳. Spectrum Diagram Design:

 

To design the frequency spectrum diagram, it is necessary to simulate the frequency status on the Tehran to Qazvin route. This involves examining the following:

  • Usable frequency range
  •  Frequency limitations and interferences
  •  Capacity analysis of each frequency for use in the microwave link
طراحی لینک مایکروویو در پروژه ایران مایکروویو

In this frequency spectrum diagram, you can see the microwave link frequency spectrum for the Tehran to Qazvin route. Here, two main factors have been examined:

  • Attenuation: which decreases across frequencies. This reduction can be due to physical obstacles, long distance, or weather conditions.
  • Interference: which indicates the interference pattern that may occur at different frequencies. Interference can be caused by other frequency links in the area or similar equipment.
Final summary of this step

Designing microwave links using specialized software such as Pathloss and Radio Mobile is a complex and precise process that requires a deep understanding of various factors like line of sight, frequency interference, and environmental condition analysis. At Iran Microwave, we use these tools to design microwave links with high accuracy and optimize network performance. Our specialized team, in large national and international projects, by thoroughly analyzing geographic, climatic, and technical data, is capable of providing the best solutions and delivering resilient and stable links for wireless communications. These methods lead to increased network efficiency and reduced operational costs in projects.

And at the end: Iran Microwave, after visiting the site and thoroughly examining the problem, will perform all the necessary operations for you so that you can fully carry out your activities at the lowest cost.

To contact the consulting and design department for microwave links and telecommunications projects, please complete the form below and send it to us

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