Route geography review
The geography of the route is examined in the second step of Iran Microwave’s consulting projects (what is the first step?)
In the execution of a professional project, the route geography review stage is considered one of the most important and vital steps before the final design. This review not only helps in the precise selection of the equipment installation location but also ensures the quality of communication, reduces errors, and prevents the imposition of additional costs in the future
In this article, by reviewing a real project on the route between the two cities of Tehran (as the origin) and Qazvin (as the destination), all the geographical, climatic, and technical parameters required for designing and implementing a microwave link are evaluated. The importance of a complete review and the completion of the consultation stages before implementation is one of the prominent points and goals of this article
Determining the geographical coordinates of the origin and destination (GPS)
The precise determination of the geographical location of the two ends of the link is the basis for designing the path. For this purpose, a precise GPS device or software such as Google Earth is used
| height above sea level | Geographic coordinates | Place of installation |
|---|---|---|
| ۱۲۰۰ meters | ۳۵.۷۴۴۸° N, 51.3758° E | Milad Tower (Tehran) |
| ۱۳۰۰ meters | ۳۶.۳۰۰۰° N, 50.0167° E | North of Qazvin (High hill) |
Direct distance between the two points: approximately 100 kilometers
Elevation difference and line of sight
At this stage, it must be checked whether there is a direct line of sight between two points. For this purpose, we use the elevation profile of the path, the data of which is extracted from DEM/SRTM or Google Earth sources.
| High(m) | Distance from Origin (km) |
|---|---|
| ۱۲۰۰(Milad tower) | ۰ |
| ۱۷۰۰(Alborzak mountain) | ۲۵ |
| ۱۴۵۰ | ۵۰ |
| ۱۳۵۰ | ۷۵ |
| ۱۳۰۰ | (Qazvin)100 |
Analysis result: At kilometer 25, there is an obstacle with an elevation of 1700 meters, which may obstruct the line of sight. This obstacle must either be resolved with a taller mast or by using a repeater.
Examining physical obstacles in the Path (Artificial or Natural Obstacles)
Obstacles such as mountains, tall buildings, or high-voltage power pylons may disrupt the line of sight. A detailed examination requires the integration of topographic data with a city map.
The above figure can also be considered in this section. But what is the solution?
- Using a Taller Mast (e.g., 60 meters)
Choosing a New Installation Point at a Higher Elevation
Creating a Two-Stage Link with an Intermediate Repeater
Analysis of climatic conditions on the Tehran-Qazvin route
شرایط جوی تاثیر مستقیم بر کیفیت لینک مایکروویو دارد، مخصوصاً در فرکانسهای بالاتر از 18GHz. تحلیل اقلیمی باید شامل پارامترهای بارندگی، باد، رطوبت و دما باشد.
جدول دادههای اقلیمی میانگین سالانه:
| Approximate value | Parameter |
|---|---|
| ۲۵۰-۳۵۰ mm | Annual rainfall
|
| ۲۰-۵۰ km/h | Average wind speed
|
| ۴۵٪-۶۰٪ | Relative humidity |
| To:1024°C | Average temperature |
Recommendation: In this route, it is recommended to use frequencies below 18 GHz to minimize the impact of atmospheric conditions. It is also recommended to use High Gain antennas and Adaptive Modulation technologies.
Final project summary and recommendations
If you plan to set up and purchase a microwave link between two sources:
- Using GPS, determine the exact coordinates of both sites.
- Draw the route profile with specialized software such as Radio Mobile.
- Conduct a complete survey of the obstacles in the route and select the appropriate mast based on that.
- Analyze the climate of the area and select the frequency and equipment accordingly.
And at the end: Iran Microwave, after visiting the site and thoroughly examining the problem, will perform all the necessary operations for you so that you can fully carry out your activities at the lowest cost.
To contact the consulting and design department for microwave links and telecommunications projects, please complete the form below and send it to us